Video/Audio Connectors

XLR (Male)./XLR (Female).
Audio only. XLR connectors are the professional standard because its three prongs accommodate the three wires of a balanced line. XLR connectors are always monaural. The connectors also lock in, so they do not accidentally disconnect

XLR are also commonly used as control cables for such things as lighting dimmers.

Mini phone 1/8 inch (female & male).
(A.K.A. Mini, Mini jack)
A.K.A. Mini jack. Audio only. Can be either monaural or stereo, depending on the number of rings. Mainly used for headphones.
1/4 inch (Male).
Audio only. Can be either monaural or stereo, depending on the number of rings.
1/4 inch (Female).
Audio only. Can be either monaural or stereo.
Mono phone vs Stereo Phone (both 1/4 and 1/8)
The picture on the left shows a mono phone plug, it is divided into two parts, one sound channel and one common.
The picture on the right shows a stereo plug, it is divided into three parts, right and left sound channels and one common.

Comparision mini phone to 1/4 phone

Mini 1/8 on left, 1/4 on right
both mono and female

 

RCA (Male)/ RCA (Female)
(A.K.A. That red, white and yellow cable)
Audio or video, depending on the type of cable attached to the connector. RCA connectors are always monaural.
Component (RCA ends Male)
S-video.
Video only. Splits video signals into luminance (brightness) and chrominance (color).
BNC.
Video only. Used with coaxial cable. BNC connectors carry a composite signal, meaning they bundle luminance and chrominance together.

F-Connector

Video only. Used with coaxial cable

USB port
Not as good for video. Can not export back to the camera, only import from the camera.

USB 1 speed -12Mbps, USB 2 speed - 480 Mbps, USB 3 speed -5 Gbit/s

USB Cables
HDMI cable (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)
Firewire (4-pin)/Firewire (6-pin).
(A.K.A. IEEE-1394, iLink)
Video and audio. A digital data transmission medium that is capable of transferring data at up to 400 Mbps. Can be used, for video, audio, harddrive, network, and many other devices.

Firewire 800

(A.K.A. IEEE-1394b, Firewire2,iLink2)
Capable of transferring data at up to 800 Mbps

There is alsoFirewire 1600 & 3200

Thunderbolt

Developed by Apple and Intel, supports speeds upto 10 Gbit/s